Posterior Tibial Tendon Insufficiency (PTTI)

(SBQ18FA.96) A 52-year-old woman presents with pain in the medial aspect of the foot and ankle over the last eight months. On examination, she has supple ankle and hindfoot motion, swelling along the medial aspect of her ankle, and is unable to perform a single-limb heel rise. Which structure labeled in Figure A represents the incompetent spring ligament in this patient?

(SBQ18FA.72) A 57-year-old man presents to the clinic with bilateral flatfoot deformity. On physical exam, standing evaluation demonstrates the deformities seen in Figure A. With double-leg heel rise, the hindfoot inverts bilaterally. Silfverskiold test demonstrates neutral ankle dorsiflexion with the knee extended and 15° ankle dorsiflexion with the knee flexed. Weight bearing AP and lateral foot x-rays demonstrate a Meary's angle of 12°, talonavicular uncoverage of 50°, and plantar gapping between the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal base. Which of following is an indication for a modified Lapidus procedure in this patient?

(SBQ18FA.57) A 65-year-old woman with the foot deformity depicted in figure A presents to your clinic for an initial evaluation. On examination, you are able to passively correct her deformity. She is, however, unable to perform a single-leg heel raise. She reports pain with ankle motion, and her symptoms are severe enough to interfere with her activities of daily living. The patient is otherwise healthy, but does live a fairly sedentary and low-demand lifestyle. What is the most appropriate initial treatment for this patient's pathology?

(SBQ18FA.94) Figure A shows the AP radiograph of a 52-year-old female who presents to your clinic with complaints of medial foot pain and states she thinks her “arch is collapsing.” After examination, you recommend flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon transfer, calcaneal slide osteotomy, lateral column lengthening, and medial cuneiform osteotomy. Which of the following physical exam findings would be a contraindication to this surgery?

(SBQ18FA.44) A 43-year-old female presents with foot pain and the flexible deformity depicted in Figure A. Which of the following features of her deformity does the procedure depicted in Figure B most effectively correct?

(OBQ16.1) A 65-year-old female returns to the office with continued medial and lateral hindfoot pain. She has attempted bracing, physical therapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories with limited relief. The patient is unable to perform a single-leg heel rise. The position of her right hindfoot and talonavicular joint are not passively correctable. She has pain with attempted inversion against resistance. Figures A-C are weight-bearing foot radiographs. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment option?

(OBQ15.216) A 62-year-old patient presents for the first time with long-standing right foot pain. Her examination reveals a collapsed medial arch, forefoot abduction, flexible hindfoot valgus, and inability to perform a single-heel raise. She has intact sensation to Semmes-Weinstein 2.83 monofilament testing. She has already completed a course of physical therapy with good relief of her pain. What would be the next best course of treatment for long-term management of her condition?

(OBQ13.68) A 58-year-old female with a history of acquired flatfoot deformity is taken to the operating room for surgical intervention. Representative radiographs are shown in Figures A and B. The position of the forefoot after the subtalar joint is aligned is shown in Figure C. What maneuver is indicated to prevent the development of weight-bearing based lateral border foot pain in this patient?

(SBQ12FA.8) A 56-year-old male presents with 6 months of right foot pain with ambulation. On physical examination, the right foot demonstrates a "too many toes" sign. He is unable to perform a single leg heel raise. Meary's angle is 8 degrees. Figure A and B are AP and lateral weight-bearing radiographs of the foot. Figure C is a weight-bearing mortise radiograph of the right ankle. Any of the following procedures may play a role in the treatment of this stage of disease EXCEPT:

(SBQ12FA.61) A 59-year-old woman presents for initial evaluation of medial-sided right foot pain that has been present for 18 months and has not responded to extensive physical therapy and ankle foot orthosis treatment. On exam, she is unable to perform a single leg heel raise. She has pes planus with a 'too many toes' sign but her hindfoot is supple. With her talonavicular joint held in a reduced position she can be passively dorsiflexed to negative 10 degrees. This does not correct when her knee is flexed. Her radiographs show arch collapse, with 50% uncoverage of the talus but no subtalar or tibiotalar arthritis. What is the most appropriate stage and treatment for her condition?

(SBQ12FA.18) A 57-year-old male undergoes the procedure exhibited in Figure A. He reports a long history of painful, flat feet which failed conservative measures. Which stage of posterior tibial tendon insufficiency is likely for this patient?

(OBQ11.222) A 54-year-old female has a painful flatfoot that has not improved with over 8 months of conservative management with orthotics. Preoperatively, she was unable to perform a single-heel rise and her hindfoot was passively correctable. Figures A and B are radiographs of the affected left foot. She undergoes FDL tendon transfer to the navicular, medial slide calcaneal osteotomy, and tendoachilles lengthening procedures. Following these procedures, the appearance of the foot is demonstrated in Figure C. What is the next most appropriate intraoperative procedure to be performed during her foot reconstruction?

(OBQ10.70) A 44-year-old female has a Stage 2B acquired flat foot deformity that does not improve over 6 months of conservative management. She undergoes FDL tendon transfer to the navicular, calcaneal osteotomy, and tendoachilles lengthening. After this correction, it is thought that she would benefit from a opening wedge first cuneiform (Cotton) osteotomy. Which of the following best describes the Cotton osteotomy?

(OBQ10.222) A 53-year-old female has a 20 month history of left hindfoot pain that has failed to respond to AFO bracing and physical therapy. She has a unilateral planovalgus deformity, shown in Figure A, which is flexible. She is unable to do a single leg-heel rise. Which of the following surgical options is most appropriate?

(OBQ09.114) A 56-year-old woman comes to your office with foot pain after a 9 month trial of orthotics. Your examination reveals the hindfoot is in valgus, the arch is depressed, and the forefoot is abducted when the foot is viewed posteriorly. She is unable to perform a single heel rise on the affected side. The hindfoot is flexible and there is an equinus contracture. What combination of surgical interventions is most appropriate

(OBQ09.113) The lower limb orthosis shown in Figure A is the most effective method for nonsurgical management in which of the following conditions?

(OBQ09.248) A 70-year-old female complains of progressive pain of the medial ankle and foot over the past 10 years. Orthotics no longer provide relief of her pain. The hindfoot deformity is unable to be passively corrected on physical exam. Figure A is a posterior view of the patient's foot upon standing and a current radiograph is provided in Figure B. Which of the following is the best treatment option?

(OBQ07.258) A 54-year-old laborer presents with 4 months of progressive left foot pain. Figures A and B are clinical photographs of the patient in single and double leg stance. Figure C is a clinical photograph of the patients fixed forefoot deformity with the supple hindfoot passively corrected to neutral by the examiner. What is the most appropriate next step in treatment?

(OBQ07.229) A 46-year-old obese female presents with foot pain and the radiographs shown in Figures A and B. Which of the following physical findings will most likely be present?

(OBQ07.37) What is the preferred surgical treatment for painful acquired flatfoot deformity with stage III posterior tibial tendon insufficiency?

(OBQ07.72) An obese 65-year-old woman has a chronic painful flatfoot with a rigid valgus hindfoot deformity. Radiographs reveal subtalar joint degenerative changes but no signs of ankle joint degenerative changes or abnormal talar tilt. She is unable to single-leg heel raise and has a "too many toes" sign. What stage of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is she best classified as?

(OBQ06.48) A healthy 42-year-old male has a 2-year history of worsening hindfoot pain that is refractory to therapy and orthotics. Physical exam reveals a flexible planovalgus foot with an equinus contracture. He is unable to perform a single limb heel rise on the affected side. In addition to a flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer to the navicular, which of the following operative procedures is indicated?

(OBQ06.234) A 55-year-old woman presents with a planovalgus deformity of her foot. She is unable to perform a single-limb heel rise and has tenderness and swelling behind the medial malleolus. Her hindfoot valgus is passively correctable and she has failed a trial of orthotics. What is the most appropriate treatment?

(OBQ05.33) A 40-year-old male with a progressive planovalgus foot deformity secondary to posterior tibial tendon insufficiency (PTTI) has failed nonoperative treatment. What feature must be evaluated for that is commonly seen in patients with advanced PTTI and should be addressed at time of surgery?

(OBQ04.18) When harvesting flexor digitorum longus (FDL) for a tendon transfer for stage II posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction, what anatomic structure crosses immediately deep (dorsal) to it in the midfoot region?