Summary Condition A is (Condition identical in caps to title) a (extremely rare, rare, common) (congenital, degenerative, acquired, traumatic) CONDITION CAUSED BY what causes it from pathophysiology section THAT LEADS TO. The condition typically PRESENTS IN (children, adolescents, young adults, adults, elderly) 4) PRESENTS WITH most common symptoms and or finding). Diagnosis is made A or) clinically with primary symptoms and exam finding (in this case remove TYPICALLY present from above) B or) with plain radiographs of the bone/body part. C or) by advanced imaging (MRI, CT) which shows D or) one of exclusion E or) with a combination of A,B, and C Treatment is usually Treatment X t is indicated in. Operative treatment is indicated in... Epidemiology Incidence incidence prevalence US new cases Demographics age sex Location body location physiologic location Risk factors basic advanced Etiology Pathophysiology mechanism of injury (trauma) basic advanced pathoanatomy this is the molecular or cell biology of disease cell biology this is the anatomic cascade of disease microbiology list of causative organisms. Genetics inheritance pattern autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked etc. mutations chromosome gene protein encoded for Associated conditions medical condition A orthopaedic condition A Anatomy Osteology describe anatomic bone Arthrology articulation Muscles muscle action insertion origin Tendons tendon name origin insertion function Ligaments ligament attachments Blood Supply basic advanced Nervous System and Nerves basic advanced Biomechanics basic advanced Classification Basic Commonly Used Classification System Type I Description Type II Description Type III Description Advanced Classification System Advanced Type I Description I d Type II Description II d Type III Description III d Presentation History basic advanced Symptoms common symptoms location duration severity aggravating / alleviating factors rare symptoms Physical exam inspection deformity swelling palpation range motion flexion extension rotation vascular neuro instability provocative tests Imaging Radiographs recommended views xrays that should alwasy be obtained on evaluation optional views secondary views that might give additional information findings normal anatomy basic abnormal findings advanced abnormal findings measurements basic measurements (tibial clear space) advanced measurements (pelvic incidence) criteria dictating treatment basic criteria advanced criteria sensitivity & specificity CT indications advanced views a findings basic findings advanced findings sensitivity and specificity MRI indications a views a findings basic findings advanced findings sensitivity and specificity Ultrasound indications preferred views finding basic findings advanced findings sensitivity/specific Bone scan indications when do you order sensitivity and specificity Studies Labs serum urine surface (nasal swab, sputum) Invasive studies Histology gross anatomy histology low power high power immunostaining Electrophysiologic studies basic findings advanced findings Differential Differential A key findings that differentiate topic from differential A found with topic key finding A found with differential A key finding A Differential B key findings that differentiate topic from differential B found with topic key finding A found with differential key finding A key finding C Diagnosis Made Treatment Nonoperative observation +/- physical therapy indications techniques outcomes immobilization alone indications timing modalities techniques outcomes closed reduction and immobilization indications techniques outcomes Operative emergent radical debridement and broad-spectrum IV antibiotics indications antibiotics techniques irrigation & debridement, soft tissue management, and provisional fixation indications timing techniques outcomes closed reduction and external fixation (ExFix) (+/- limited internal fixation) indications timing techniques outcomes closed reduction percutaneous pinning (CRPP) indications timing techniques outcomes open reduction indications postoperative open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) indications timing approaches techniques outcomes postoperative intramedullary nail fixation (IMN) indications contraindications timing techniques outcomes arthroplasty indications timing techniques outcomes fragment excision indications outcomes limb salvage resection and chemotherapy indications contraindications timing techniques outcomes amputation indications nerve release and debridement indications contraindications techniques outcomes Techniques Emergency room indications techniques Immobilization Alone with Splint & Functional Bracing indications technique pros/cons complications Closed reduction and immobilization indications reduction immobilization Chemotherapy administration Urgent irrigation & debridement with provisional vs. definitive fixation (I&D) indications techniques Temporizing external fixation (ExFix) indications Closed reduction percutaneous pinning (CRPP) indications approach technique complications (ONLY if specific to this treatment) Closed Reduction and External Fixation (ExFix) indications Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) indications approach technique advanced techniques complications Intramedullary Nailing & Fixation (IMN) indications approach techniques complications postoperative care Arthroscopy indication approach basic technique advanced technique Arthroplasty indications approach technique techniques - advanced basic complications advanced complications Wide Resection indications approach techniques complications Repair indications approaches techniques complications Reconstruction indications approach technique complications Arthrodesis indication approach techniques complications Osteotomy indications Nerve Denervation, Decompression Release, and Debridement open arthroscop Amputation approach technique Complications Postoperative Anemia, Blood Loss incidence risk factors diagnosis treatment Surgical Site Infection (SSI) incidence risk factors diagnosis treatment tested treatment in bold blue indications Nerve Injury incidence risk factors diagnosis treatment tested treatment in bold blue indications indication A Nonunion incidence risk factors diagnosis treatment Recurrent Instability incidence risk factors diagnosis treatment Failure of Treatment Effect / Persistent Pain incidence risk factors diagnosis treatment Stiffness / Loss of Motion / Arthrofibrosis / Heterotopic Ossification incidence risk factors diagnosis treatment Hardware Failure incidence risk factors diagnosis treatment Posttraumatic Arthritis incidence risk factors diagnosis treatment Prognosis Natural history of disease / Prognosis without treatment Prognostic variable favorable negative Survival with treatment