Phases of Throwing There are 5 main phases of throwing wind up (see below) cocking acceleration deceleration follow-through Biomechanics scapula must work in concert with humerus to maintain glenohumeral stability the entire throwing motion takes approximately 2 seconds with wind up and acceleration phases taking approximately 75% of time (1.5 seconds) 1. Wind Up Description minimal force on the shoulder during first stage Muscle activity rotator cuff muscles are inactive during this phase 2. Cocking Sometimes described as 2 sub-phases early cocking peak muscle activation deltoid late cocking high torque phase with maximal shoulder external rotation elbow valgus stress is greatest in late cocking phase peak muscle activation supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor FDS and FCU muscles provide local dynamic stability of the elbow during late cocking protective against injury to UCL Associated pathology Medial ulnar collateral ligament elbow injury internal Impingement GIRD (glenohumeral internal rotation defect) SLAP tears ("Peel-back" mechanism during late cocking) 3. Acceleration Description rotates ball to release point Muscle activity early muscle activation triceps late muscle activation pectoralis major latissimus dorsi serratus anterior 4. Deceleration Description center of gravity moves over plantar foot Muscle activity eccentric contraction of all muscles is required to slow down arm motion highest torque phase Associated pathology recognized as the most harmful phase of throwing associated injuries superior labrum (SLAP lesion) biceps tendon injury brachialis injury teres minor injury 5. Follow-through Description phase where body rebalances and stops forward motion Muscle activity muscle activity returns to resting levels
QUESTIONS 1 of 4 1 2 3 4 Previous Next (OBQ18.168) A 23-year-old man is experiencing valgus instability of the elbow after many consecutive seasons of pitching. Which anatomical structure is likely injured and during which phase of the throwing cycle depicted in Figure A will his symptoms be most likely reproduced? QID: 213064 FIGURES: A Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Medial ulnar collateral ligament; B 2% (48/1959) 2 Lateral ulnar collateral ligament; B 1% (17/1959) 3 Medial ulnar collateral ligament; C 88% (1724/1959) 4 Lateral ulnar collateral ligament; C 4% (72/1959) 5 Medial ulnar collateral ligament; E 4% (78/1959) L 1 Question Complexity A Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 3 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK (OBQ11.107) Which of the following is true of the scapula during an overhead throwing motion? QID: 3530 Type & Select Correct Answer 1 It maximally retracts on ball release 2% (71/3754) 2 It protracts during late cocking to prevent impingment on the rotator cuff 17% (638/3754) 3 It must rotate in the cocking and acceleration phases to prevent impingement on the rotator cuff 75% (2805/3754) 4 It must remain fixed during the throwing motion to impart maximal energy 4% (150/3754) 5 It has no effect on concavity-compression 1% (49/3754) L 1 Question Complexity C Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 3 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK
All Videos (4) Podcasts (1) Login to View Community Videos Login to View Community Videos 2018 Baseball Sports Medicine: Game-Changing Concepts New Approaches to Injury; Baseball Injury Prevention from Japan - Hiroyuki Sugaya, MD (BSM 2018, #47) Shoulder & Elbow - Phases of Throwing A 12/21/2018 312 views 4.5 (2) Login to View Community Videos Login to View Community Videos 2018 Baseball Sports Medicine: Game-Changing Concepts Adolescent Pitching Mechanics and Pitch Counts - Brandon J. Erickson, MD (BSM 2018, #44) Brandon Erickson Shoulder & Elbow - Phases of Throwing B 12/21/2018 223 views 4.0 (3) Login to View Community Videos Login to View Community Videos 2018 Baseball Sports Medicine: Game-Changing Concepts What I Look For When I Believe a Pitcher Has a Health Issue - Danny Borrell - Coach (BSM 2018, #22) Shoulder & Elbow - Phases of Throwing E 12/21/2018 90 views 0.0 (0) Shoulder & Elbow⎪Phases of Throwing Team Orthobullets 3SKK Shoulder & Elbow - Phases of Throwing Listen Now 8:30 min 1/31/2020 207 plays 5.0 (1) See More See Less