Summary Science bullet - summary of what it is Diagnosis bullet - summary of how it is diagnosed Treatment bullet - summary of how it is treated Science Epidemiology incidence US incidence demographics male : female ratio age bracket location where in the body/bone risk factors smoking etc. Pathophysiology mechanism of injury (trauma) this is the mechanism of injury (valgus force on knee) pathophysiology this is the physiology (hormone feedback loop) pathobiology this is the molecular or cell biology of disease pathoantomy this is the anatomic cascade of disease Genetics inheritance pattern autosomal dominant mutations chromosome gene protein encoded for Associated conditions orthopaedic conditions condition a condition b medical conditions & comorbidities condition a Prognosis natural history of disease prognostic variable favorable negative survival with treatment Anatomy Osteology describe anatomic bone Muscles muscles a Ligament ligament a Blood Supply x Biomechanics x Classification Classification A Type A • Characteristic A • Characteristic A Type B • Characteristic B • Characteristic B Type C • Characteristic C Type D • Characteristic D Presentation History (optional) this is a specific event the patient cites. "Heard a pop" Symptoms common symptoms location duration severity aggrevating / aleiving factors Physical exam inspection varus or valgus deformity ecchymosis & swelling diffuse tenderness motion document flexion-extension and pronation-supination crepitus should be noted varus/valgus instability stress test challenging but important for an accurate diagnosis neurovascular provocative tests Imaging Radiographs recommended views xrays that should alwasy be obtained on evaluation optional views secondary views that might give additional information findings disc space narrowing measuerment measurement A (Cobb angle) measurement A (pelvic incidence) criteria dictating treatment > 3mm step of dictates operative treatment sensitivity and specificity CT indications when do you order views best seen on sagital findings finding a detailed description finding b sensitivity and specificity MRI indications when do you order views best seen on T2 axial findings finding a detailed description of finding sensitivity and specificity Bone scan indications when do you order sensitivity and specificity Studies Labs serum urine surface (nasal swab, sputum) Invasive studies Histology gross anatomy histology low power high power immunostaining Differential Differential A key findings that differentiate topic from differential A found with topic key finding A key finding B key finding C found with differential A key finding A key finding B key finding C Differential B key findings that differentiate topic from differential B found with topic key finding A key finding B key finding C found with differential key finding A key finding B key finding C Treatment (for surgical residency sites, e.g., orthobullets, ENT bullets) Nonoperative nonoperative treatment A indications indication a indication b modalities (think of this as the options) outcomes Operative operative treatment A indications indication a indication b techniques variation of treatment A (just list the option to chose from) indication b outcomes operative treatment B indications indication a indication b techniques variation of treatment A (just list the option to chose from) outcomes Techniques Nonoperative treatment A technique description Operative treatment A **include link to technique if one is present in "Techniques" section of Orthobullets** **do not incude a step-by-step guide here, that will be covered in the Technique section. Instead, the points here will be mainly centered around tested information** approach tested concepts only (techniques steps go in outline) technique tested concepts only (techniques steps go in outline) complications (ONLY if specific to this treatment) unique to this technique and tested concepts only (techniques steps go in outline) Operative treatment B **include link to technique if one is present in "Techniques" section of Orthobullets** **do not incude a step-by-step guide here, that will be covered in the Technique section. Instead, the points here will be mainly centered around tested information** approach tested concepts only (techniques steps go in outline) technique tested concepts only (techniques steps go in outline) complications (ONLY if specific to this treatment) unique to this technique and tested concepts only (techniques steps go in outline) Complications Compliation A incidence (only if pertinent) risk factors treatment tested treatment in bold blue indications indication A Compliation B incidence risk factors treatment tested treatment in bold blue indications indication A