Chondroblastoma

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Topic updated on 03/06/13 5:44pm
Introduction
  • A benign chondrogenic lesion  (differs from giant cell tumor by its chondroid matrix)
  • Epidemiology
    • demographics
      • 2:1 male:female
      • most patients under 25 years of age
    • location
      • epiphyseal lesion in young patients (usually around 12 years of age)   
      • common locations include distal femur, proximal tibia, proximal humerus, proximal femur, and apophysis or triradiate cartilage of the pelvis
      • typically epiphyseal but may occasionally cross the physis
  • Pathophysiology
    • thought to arise from cartilaginous epiphyseal plate
  • Genetics
    • may have genetic abnormalities on chromosome 5 and 8
  • Prognosis
    • 1-2% of benign chondroblasts metastasize to the lungs (similar to giant cell tumor in this respect)
    • recurrence is 10%-15% after surgical resection
Presentation
  • Symptoms
    • progressive pain referred to involved joint
  • Physical examination
    • exam may show mechanical symptoms with limitations of motion
Imaging
  • Radiograph
    • recommended views
      • AP, lateral, and oblique of involved area
    • findings
      • well-circumscribed epiphyseal lytic lesion with thin rim of sclerotic bone that is sharply demarcated from normal medullary cavity 
      • lesions often cross physis into metaphysis
      • stippled calcifications within the lesion may or may not be present (25%-45%)
      • cortical expansion may be present
      • soft tissue expansion rare
    • differential with radiographs
      • giant cell tumor
      • osteomyelitis
      • clear cell chondrosarcoma
  • CT
    • not required
    • defines bony extent of lesion
  • MRI
    • edema around lesion
Studies
  • Histology
    • Classic characteristics
      • chondroblasts arranged in "cobblestone" or "chickenwire" pattern may be present   
      • scattered multinucleated giant cells with focal areas of chondroid matrix
      • occasional multinucleated giant cells may be present 
      • S100+ cells with large central nuclei
      • 1/3 of chonroblastomas have a secondary ABC
Treatment
  • Operative
    • extended intralesional curettage and bone grafting 
      • indications
        • standard of treatment in symptomatic individuals
      • technique
        • may do local adjuvant treatment with phenol or cryotherapy
    • Resection of rare benign pulmonary metastasis
      • indications
        • if pulmonary metastasis
Differential Groups
 
Epiphyseal lesion
 Benign lesion that may metastasize to lung
Treatment is curretage and bone grafting (1) 
Chondroblastoma
 •
Giant Cell Tumor
 •
Aneurysmal bone cyst    
Osteoblastoma    
Chondromyoid fibroma (CMF)    
ASSUMPTIONS: (1) assuming no impending fracture
 
 
IBank
  Location
Xray
Xray
CT
B.Scan
MRI
MRI
Histo(1)
Case A tibia
 
 
Case B calcaneus
 
 
Case C pelvis
 
Case D femur
 
 
 
Case E tibia
 
 
 
Case F prox. humerus
 
 
Case G femur
 
 
 
 
Case H tibia
 
 
 
(1) - histology does not always correspond to case 



 

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Qbank (3 Questions)

TAG
(OBQ11.100) A 14-year-old boy presents with 6 months of knee pain and swelling. Clinical photo, radiograph, CT scan, MRI scans, and histologic slide are shown in Figures A through F. What is the most likely diagnosis? Topic Review Topic
FIGURES: A   B   C   D   E   F

1. Giant cell tumor
2. Clear cell chondrosarcoma
3. Chondroblastoma
4. Brodie's abscess
5. Osteochondral defect

PREFERRED RESPONSE ▶
TAG
(OBQ10.45) A 12-year-old boy sustains a left knee injury while playing soccer. A radiograph and CT is shown in Figure A. Upon further questioning of the boy's mom, she reports he's been complaining of some left knee pain at bedtime for the past 3 months. Which of the following histology slides (Figures B-F) most likely represents this boy's biopsy specimen? Topic Review Topic
FIGURES: A   B   C   D   E   F

1. Figure B
2. Figure C
3. Figure D
4. Figure E
5. Figure F

PREFERRED RESPONSE ▶
TAG
(OBQ06.7) A 13-year-old boy presents with 3 months of increasing knee pain, particularly at night. A radiograph and histology are shown in Figure A and B. What is the most likely diagnosis? Topic Review Topic
FIGURES: A   B        

1. Chondroblastoma
2. UBC
3. Giant Cell Tumor
4. Osteoid Osteoma
5. Non-ossifying fibroma

PREFERRED RESPONSE ▶



Videos

video
Demonstrates a pathologist analyzing the histopathology of a chondroblastoma.
2/4/2012
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