| Introduction |
 AVN of scaphoid- Epidemiology
- rare condition
- average age of onset is 45 years
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| Presentation |
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| Imaging |
- Radiographs
- show sclerosis and fragmentation of proximal pole without evidence of fracture
- MRI
- can further allow classification into complete vs partial involvement
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| Treatment |
- Nonoperative
- immobilization
- is effective in 20% of cases
- Operative
- microfracture drilling, revascularization procedure, or allograft replacement
- indicated when nonoperative management fails
- techniques include
- drilling
- revascularization
- allograft replacements
- proximal row corpectomy or scaphoid excision with four corner fusion
- indications
- considered salvage procedures
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