| Introduction |
 Causes of hypercalcemia include
- malignancy
 Paget's Disease- Multiple Myeloma
- Squamous cell cancer of the lung
- ectopic production of PTH
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia (type I and II)
- Pituitary adenoma
- medical conditions
- primary hyperparathyroidism
- sarcoidosis
- Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
- hyperthyroidism
- Addison's disease
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
- drugs
- dietary
- calcium ingestion (milk-alkali syndrome)
- hypervitaminosis D
- hypervitaminosis A
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| Presentation |
- Symptoms
- CNS
- confusion
- stupor
- weakness
- gastrointestinal
- constipation
- anorexia
- nausea
- vomiting
- kidney
- polyuria
- kidney stones
- polydipsia
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| Treatment |
- Hydration
- Drug therapies
- loop diuretics
- bisphosphonates
- mithramycin
- calcitonin
- galium nitrate
- Dialysis
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