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HMG-CoA reductase
7%
116/1720
farnesyl diphosphate synthase
79%
1357/1720
tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease
4%
67/1720
alkaline phosphatase
122/1720
calcitonin
3%
51/1720
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Bisphosphonates can be divided according to their chemical structure into the earlier non-nitrogen (e.g. clodronate and etidronate) and the newer nitrogen containing (e.g alendronate) groups. The Nitrogen containing group is significantly more potent. Nitrogen containing bisphosphonates target farnesyl diphosphate synthase, a component of the mevalonate (cholesterol) pathway. Non-nitrogen containing bisphosphonates result in cytotoxic ATP to accumulate with an end result of apoptosis. The JBJS article by Morris is a good overview of bisphosphonate basic science, usages and adverse reactions.
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