• STUDY DESIGN
    • A case of heterotopic ossification in the lumbar spine associated with the off-label use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) is reported.
  • OBJECTIVE
    • To highlight a previously unreported complication of rhBMP-2 use and to review the literature pertinent to the topic.
  • SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
    • There is no report in the literature regarding a large mass of rhBMP-2-associated heterotopic ossification surrounding the paraspinal musculature.
  • METHODS
    • The clinical and radiographical features of this complication and treatment course are presented.
  • RESULTS
    • The surgical excision of heterotopic ossification and removal of symptomatic instrumentation have resulted in the patient remaining asymptomatic at 1 year of follow-up examination.
  • CONCLUSION
    • The reported case adds to the literature of off-label use of rhBMP-2 and the potential for the formation of heterotopic ossification with its use.