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Increased stroke volume
86%
1860/2172
Increased resting heart rate
2%
45/2172
Increased aerobic capacity
11%
229/2172
Increased blood pressure
0%
7/2172
Increased red blood cell mass
1%
17/2172
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The definition of cardiac output: CO = HR x Stroke Volume. Therefore, increasing the stroke volume, which is the amount of blood pumped by the heart with each contraction does increase the cariac output. Training usually results in a decreased resting heart rate. While training can increase your red blood cell mass and VO2 max (aerobic capacity), they do not affect output. The Rowland paper is a review of studies assessing stroke volume changes with exercise in athletes. According to Vella, for endurance trained subjects, the proposed mechanisms for the progressive increase in stroke volume to Vo(2)max are enhanced diastolic filling, enhanced contractility, larger blood volume, and decreased cardiac afterload.
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