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RANKL expression is increased and VEGF is unchanged or mildly decreased
16%
428/2666
VEGF expression is increased and RANKL is decreased
4%
113/2666
VEGF expression is increased and RANKL expression is unchanged
3%
92/2666
Expression of both VEGF and RANKL is increased
75%
1987/2666
Expression of both VEGF and RANKL is decreased
1%
35/2666
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RANKL, RANK, and VEGF are upregulated in any process that involves increased osteoclast activity. Ren et al. found in a mouse model study that UHMWPE stimulation significantly increased VEGF, RANK, and RANKL gene expression. VEGF inhibitor was shown to reduce the UHMWPE-stimulated VEGF production. VEGF inhibitor also resulted in reduced RANK and RANKL gene transcripts. Thus, this study suggests that VEGF has a role in the regulation of RANK/RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis. VEGF is also an important factor in angiogenesis in multiple tissues, including normal tissue (e.g. tendons) and several cancers. Illustration A depicts the interaction of osteoblasts and osteoclasts (E=estrogen, P-C-P=bisphosphonates, CT=calcitonin). Illustration V is a video tutorial of RANK, RANK-L, and OPG and their role in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
3.4
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