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Follow-through
3%
53/1532
Ball release
5%
73/1532
Early acceleration
78%
1200/1532
Early cocking
11%
166/1532
Wind-up
2%
26/1532
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The medial UCL is subjected to near-failure tensile stresses during the late cocking/early acceleration phase of throwing. The medial ulnar collateral ligament, or medial collateral ligament of the elbow, is composed of three bundles: an anterior bundle, a posterior bundle, and a variable transverse oblique bundle. The anterior bundle of the ulnar collateral ligament is the primary restraint to valgus force of the elbow from 30 to 120 degrees of flexion. Biomechanical testing has shown that valgus forces as high as 64 N.m at the elbow during late cocking and early acceleration phases of throwing with compressive forces of 500 N at the lateral radiocapitellar articulation as the elbow moves from 110 to 20 degrees of flexion and velocities as high as 3000 deg/sec. The Cain et al. paper is a current concepts review of elbow injuries in throwers from the group with the world's largest experience in treating these injuries.
3.6
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