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Isotonic: constant tension as the muscle length changes
5%
372/6862
Isokinetic: constant effort through a variable speed
87%
5940/6862
Isometric: contraction with no change in muscle length
3%
217/6862
Eccentric: muscle fibers lengthen as the muscle contracts
196/6862
Concentric: muscle fibers shorten as the muscle contracts
1%
88/6862
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All of the descriptions are true EXCEPT for answer 2 which is incorrect. Isokinetic exercise is characterized by constant speed despite variable effort. Isokinetic exercise is performed with a specialized apparatus that provides variable resistance to a movement, so that no matter how much effort is exerted, the movement takes place at a constant speed. Such exercise is used to test and improve muscular strength and endurance, especially after injury. Miller et al. tested 12 individuals using Cybex machines and found that there was actually greater hamstring muscle coactivation on EMG when performing isokinetic movements compared to closed-chain exercises. Illustration A is a table showing the different types of exercise and examples of each.
3.8
(13)
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