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To act as an intermediary in the cell-signalling pathway for bone remodeling
22%
1380/6165
To regenerate skeletal muscle after muscle injury
68%
4208/6165
To regenerate periosteum after periosteal damage in a child
3%
194/6165
To bind chemotherapeutic ligands in the treatment of lymphoma of bone
2%
117/6165
To express high amounts of sonic hedgehog surface protein
211/6165
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The primary role of satellite cells is to regenerate skeletal muscle after muscle injury. Satellite cells, also termed muscle satellite cells, are a population of cells within muscle who sit relatively dormant until muscle injury occurs. Satellite cells are then responsible for producing new muscle and new satellite cells in response to the injury. Noonan et al. review muscle strain injury. They report that histologic studies have shown that muscle strain injuries cause a disruption of muscle fibers near the myotendinous junction. The fibers do not tear at the junction, but rather at a short distance from it. Acutely, the injuries are characterized by disruption and some hemorrhage within the muscle. By day 2, an inflammatory reaction is evident, with the presence of edema and inflammatory cells. By day 7, fibrous tissue has replaced the inflammatory reaction. Gates et al. reviews muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) and their role in muscle regeneration. They report one such cell is the satellite cell, which has long been recognized as a quiescent muscle progenitor cell. Following skeletal muscle injury, it divides and fuses with other progenitors to form myofibers. When stimulated with the appropriate growth factors in vitro, satellite cells also have the capacity to differentiate down other lineages, such as osteoblastic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic cell lines. Morgan et al. report satellite cells are quiescent mononucleated myogenic cells, located between the sarcolemma and basement membrane of terminally-differentiated muscle fibres. These are normally quiescent in adult muscle, but act as a reserve population of cells, able to proliferate in response to injury and give rise to regenerated muscle and to more satellite cells. Illustration A shows the role of satellite cells in the pathway of skeletal muscle response to injury. Incorrect Answers: Answer 1: The osteoblast acts as an intermediary in the cell-signalling pathway for bone remodeling. Answer 3: Satellite cells are not involved in the regeneration of periosteum. Answer 4: Satellite cells play no role in binding chemotherapeutic drugs. Answer 5: Sonic hedgehog surface protein is involved in limb bud generation.
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