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Enchondroma formation
10%
384/4042
Osteochondroma formation
6%
226/4042
RANK ligand induced tumor lysis
16%
647/4042
Osteoblastic bone metastases
64%
2594/4042
Physeal bar formation
4%
158/4042
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Endothelin 1 has been shown to be a crucial protein involved in the formation of osteoblastic bone metastases, like those caused by prostate cancer or certain types of breast cancer. Illustration A shows multiple osteoblastic type metastases in the spine of a patient with metastatic breast cancer. While the mechanistic explanation for this process isn't completely understood, it is known that tumor produced endothelin 1 is a necessary step in the development of osteoblastic metastasis. Mohammad and Guise describe their cell-culture and mouse experiments which led to this discovery. Specifically, tumor produced cell media, containing tumor-produced factors like endothelin 1, had the ability to induce osteoblastic bone metastases in a mice treated with this culture media. In addition, this process was specifically inhibited by treatment with antagonists to endothelin 1, confirming the role of endothelin 1 in osteoblastic metastases. Endothelin 1 has not been shown to play a role in enchondromas, osteochondromas, physeal bars, or RANK ligand induced tumor lysis.
2.7
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