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Figure E shows a clubfoot deformity which is characterized as having hindfoot equinus and varus with concomitant forefoot adduction. The four main components of the clubfoot deformity include cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (CAVE). The acronym CAVE is also helpful because it delineates the sequence in which the Ponseti method corrects the deformities. Figure A displays a skewfoot(Z deformity or serpentine foot) which is characterized by forefoot adductus, midfoot abduction, and hindfoot valgus. Figure B shows metatarsus adductus which has medial deviation of the forefoot relative to the hind foot, but no associated hindfoot deformity. Figure C shows a calcaneovalgus foot which includes a hindfoot that externally rotates and dorsiflexes to the point that the foot might even be able to touch the anterior tibia. Figure D shows a congenital vertical talus which is characterized by a rigid deformity of the hindfoot that is in equinus and a forefoot that is dorsiflexed resulting in midfoot dislocation (resulting in a rocker bottom deformity). The review article by Noonan and Richards details the Ponseti, Kite, and French methods for clubfoot management.
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