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Systolic blood pressure
4%
94/2643
Urine output
8%
205/2643
Heart rate
9%
240/2643
Serum lactate
76%
2007/2643
Mean arterial pressure
3%
86/2643
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Historically, normal blood pressure, heart rate, and urine output have been endpoints to signal complete resuscitation in the polytrauma patient. The review article by Porter et al states that there is a high incidence of patients (as much as 85%) in "compensated" shock despite normal vital signs and urine output parameters. Compensated shock is secondary to a maldistribution of blood flow and tissue oxygenation as splanchnic organs have less distribution of the cardiac output compared to the heart and the brain. The article by Elliott is also a review, and it states that serum lactate is the best indicator of peripheral organ perfusion and tissue oxygenation. It also states that base deficit and gastric mucosal pH are appropriate end points to determine the complete resuscitation of trauma patients.
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