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Primary hyperparathyroidism
2%
28/1810
Type I vitamin D deficient rickets
9%
156/1810
Type II vitamin D deficient rickets
14%
258/1810
X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets
66%
1193/1810
Nutritional rickets
165/1810
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Hypophosphatemic rickets is caused by the inability of kidney proximal tubules to reabsorb phosphate due to a mutated PHEX gene, found on the X chromosome. PHEX is thought to protect extracellular matrix glycoproteins from proteolysis. Hypophosphatemic rickets shares many clinical similarities with nutritional rickets but shows PTH levels that are not elevated, even with calcium and phosphate abnormalities. Pettifor reviews the advances in molecular genetics in the understanding and possible treatments in tumour-induced osteomalacia/rickets. The review article by Carpenter discusses the X-linked disorder including its clinical manifestations, the wide spectrum of disease severity, and complications of the disease in adult patients. Illustration A is a table that details the laboratory values associated with each type of rickets.
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