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Local flare in surrounding tissues
7%
180/2634
Apoptosis of myocytes
50%
1322/2634
Skin pigmentation changes
2%
53/2634
Fat atrophy
4%
106/2634
Facial flushing
37%
962/2634
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Corticosteroids have not been shown to cause apoptosis of myocytes when injected extra-articularly. Each of the other answers have been described. Cole and Schumacher provide a review of current uses of corticosteroid injections, and emphasize that how accurately the injection is placed affects the outcome. Kumar and Newman report prospectively on 672 patients who received 1147 intra- and extra-articular injections. Their overall complication rate was low (16%) with injection site pain (mild) and bleeding constituting the majority of cases. There were 4 instances of fat atrophy in the extra-articular group, and 4 cases of syncope or dizziness in the intra-articular group. They did not discuss the efficacy of their injections.
1.9
(66)
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