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Angle E (Figure A)
3%
105/3904
Angle X (Figure B)
76%
2957/3904
Angle Z (Figure C)
14%
548/3904
Angle Y (Figure D)
4%
147/3904
Angle V (Figure E)
121/3904
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Angle X (Figure B) demonstrates the measurement of pelvic incidence. Recent studies have shown a direct linear relationship between pelvic incidence and the severity of the spondylolisthesis, suggesting that pelvic anatomy may have a direct influence on the development of an isthmic spondylolisthesis. Hanson et al. found pelvic incidence was significantly higher in patients with low- and high-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis as compared with controls and had significant correlation with the Meyerding–Newman grades. Labelle et al. reviewed the clinical significance of pelvic incidence, and described how pelvic incidence (PI) can be calculated as the sum of Pelvic Tilt (PT) and Sacral Slope (SS). Illustration A illustrates the relationship between these angles. Wrong Answers: Answer 3: Angle Z (Figure C) shows the measurement of pelvic tilt. Answer 4: Angle Y (Figure D) shows the measurement of sacral slope. Answer 5: Angle V (Figure E) shows the measurement of the slip angle.
3.8
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