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Review Question - QID 2974

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QID 2974 (Type "2974" in App Search)
A 6 year-old boy develops tenderness at the right heel and avoids putting weight on the right extremity after stepping on a nail 2 weeks ago while wearing tennis shoes. His mother notes that he has had a fever of 39.0. Calcaneal osteomyelitis caused by a puncture wound has an increased rate of which of the following compared to hematogenous osteomyelitis?

Presence of Group A Streptococcus infection

4%

147/4023

Presence of Coliforms infection

2%

74/4023

Presence of Haemophilus infection

1%

24/4023

Presence of Pseudomonas infection

91%

3674/4023

Presence of Group B Streptococcus infection

2%

87/4023

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Calcaneal osteomyelitis in children can occur via hematogenous seeding or direct puncture wounds. There are 2 types of pediatric hematogenous osteomyelitis: acute(AHO) and subacute hematogenous (SHO). The most common organism idenitified is Stapylococcus Aureus according to Blyth et al and is found in 70% of the cases.

The article by Karwowska et al reviewed 146 osteomyelitis cases and noted that tenderness was the most common sign while fever and decreased limb use were the most common symptoms. Miller's review states that Group A streptococcus and Coliforms were less common organisms and with recent immunization programs, Haemophilus influenzae is almost eradicated as an osteomyelitis etiology.

However, the etiology of calcaneal osteomyelitis due to puncture wounds is different. The article by Puffinbarger et al found a 100% incidence of Pseuodomonas infection in their calcaneal osteomyelitis cases caused by puncture wounds, as in this patient's case.

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