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Sensory nerves
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Motor nerves
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Skeletal muscle
70%
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Motor cortex
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Dorsal root ganglion
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Functional electrical stimulation is a technique that rehabilitates patients with spinal cord injuries by using electrical stimulation of skeletal muscles. Mulcahey et al. studied the benefits of implanted functional electrical stimulation systems for hand function in adolescents with tetraplegia secondary to spinal cord injuries and found in five patients that the combination of functional electrical stimulation and surgical reconstruction of the hand provided improved active palmar and lateral grasp and release. In a follow-up study, Davis et al. evaluated the self-reported usage via patient survey of a functional electrical stimulation system that stimulated lateral pinch and palmar grasp again in adolescents with C-5 or C-6 tetraplegia. They found patients performed better ADLs (eating, grooming, brushing teeth) but had difficulties donning the system independently between uses.
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