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Its mechanical properties vary depending on the rate at which force is applied
15%
112/769
It can undergo minimal plastic deformation before failure
14%
107/769
It now has a Young's modulus of elasticity lower than cortical bone
7%
50/769
Its mechanical properties are the same no matter the direction force is applied
61%
469/769
Your final construct would likely never corrode
3%
20/769
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Stainless steel is an isotropic material, which means that it has similar mechanical properties regardless of the orientation of the material when force is applied. The mechanical properties of orthopedic implants are an essential part (albeit sometimes difficult to understand) of our practice. Different materials have different properties which change how they respond to forces and how the material acts in the body. Metals (stainless steel, titanium, cobalt chrome) typically exhibit high ductility, isotropic behavior, and are variable corrosion resistance. Stainless steel is also very stiff (high Young's modulus of elasticity) and fracture resistant. Koh et al. reviewed metallic orthopedic implants in the setting of hand surgery. They discuss the biomaterial and biochemical properties of titanium and stainless steel in-depth and compare various properties between them. Further, they discuss less common orthopedic materials including ceramics and synthetic polymers. Mantripragada et al. performed a literature review of new advancements in implant design. For stainless steel, historical studies show a 90% failure rate due to pitting and crevice corrosion. Newer stainless steel designs have coatings of transition metals that protect the implant from corrosion. Additionally, new stainless steel coatings prevent protein adhesion which can be infection and immune protective. Incorrect Answers: Answer 1: Stainless steel is not viscoelastic, which is described in answer choice 1. Answer 2: Stainless steel (and most metals) can undergo a large amount of plastic deformation before failure. Answer 3: Stainless steel has a high Young's Modulus, higher than cortical bone but less than ceramic and cobalt chrome. Answer 5: Stainless steel is more susceptible to corrosion than other metals including titanium and cobalt chrome.
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