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Superior and inferior genicular arteries
4%
131/3065
Anterior tibial artery
2%
46/3065
Posterior tibal artery
25%
772/3065
Sural artery
59%
1808/3065
Saphenous artery
9%
291/3065
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The dominant arterial blood supply to a medial gastrocnemius muscle flap is the sural artery. Rotational gastrocnemius flaps are useful for coverage of the proximal third of the tibia and some wounds/defects about the knee. Medial and lateral gastrocnemius arterial supply is from the medial and lateral sural arteries respectively. Coverage of the middle third of the tibia requires use of a rotational soleus muscle flap, supplied by the peroneal artery proximally and the posterior tibial artery distally. Coverage of the distal third of the tibia requires a free muscle flap transfer, based on a specific vascular pedicle. Illustration A depicts the medial gastrocnemius flap with its sural artery pedicle.
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