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40-50 mL
11%
402/3624
75-80 mL
58%
2114/3624
90-95 mL
15%
543/3624
110-120 mL
12%
442/3624
140-150 mL
3%
107/3624
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Pediatric patients have an approximate blood volume of 75-80 ml/kg. Although blood volume estimations based on body weight lack precision compared to other invasive methods of measuring, a rough estimate of blood volume for pediatric patients of this age group is 75-80 mL/kg. In trauma patients, this most common type of shock is hypovolemic shock due to blood loss. A patient can lose up to 30% of blood volume before becoming hypotensive due to compensatory mechanisms that maintain blood pressure, such as peripheral vasconstriction and increased heart rate. One sign of early hypovolemia is a narrowed pulse pressure (decreased difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure), which can be noted with only 15% blood loss. Illustration A is a table describing signs and symptoms of hypovelmia based on percentage of blood loss. Note the precise mL values of blood loss in this table are estimates for an average sized adult. Illustration B is a table summarizing average blood volume, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure by age. Kay et al. provide a review of the evaluation and management of pediatric trauma patients. They note that pediatric trauma is most commonly blunt trauma, and has a high incidence of internal bleeding. They recommend immediate assessment of circulation and initial resuscitation with crystallized solution. They caution against over hydrating patients with head injuries due to the possibility of increasing cerebral edema. Incorrect answers Answers 1, 3, 4, 5: These values do not accurately estimate the per kg blood volume of a pediatric patient.
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