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ACL injuries are more common in young men compared to young women.
85%
1793/2119
Lateral meniscal tears are more common than medial meniscal tears in acute ACL injuries
4%
85/2119
An ACL tear increases a patients risk for a contralateral ACL tear
6%
120/2119
The incidence of ACL injuries can be decreased by a neuromuscular training program.
3%
67/2119
ACL injuries are more common in athletes younger than 30 years of age.
2%
42/2119
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ACL injuries are more common in younger women compared to men. ACL injuries are five to eight times more common in young women. Altered neuromuscular activation and movement coordination appear to be the most important reason for different ACL injury rates between the sexes. ACL prevention programs primarily aim to modify these maladaptive neuromuscular and biomechanical patterns. The use of neuromuscular training programs has been associated with a decrease in ACL injuries. The highest incidence is associated with basketball and soccer. These sports require rapid directional and rotational changes. ACL injuries are commonly associated with meniscal injury. Voskanian et al. reviewed risk factors for ACL injury in female athletes and proposed key elements for a successful ACL prevention program. The authors recommend initiation of the prevention program prior to puberty, incorporation of neuromuscular training and muscle strengthening, as well as education and feedback regarding body mechanics and proper landing patterns. Strengthening should focus on the hamstrings and hip abductors, which may decrease dynamic knee valgus. Lastly, the program should be easy to follow and require minimal equipment and time commitment, so as to enhance compliance. Millett et al. examined 39 pediatric patients who sustained ACL injury. They looked at the incidence of concomitant meniscal injury and analyzed whether was any difference in the rate of meniscal pathology in patients treated acutely (<6 weeks) or delayed (>6 weeks). The overall incidence of meniscal pathology was high, with 25 overall meniscal tears, which they found was more common in patients treated in a delayed fashion. Zebis et al. evaluated the effects of implementing a prophylactic neuromuscular training program in female athletes. Neuromuscular activity of the lower extremity was analyzed with electromyography (EMG) during performance of a side-cutting maneuver in 12 soccer players and 8 handball players, before and after implementation of a neuromuscular training program. Neuromuscular training increased the pre-landing and landing EMG activity for the medial HS muscles, while the quadriceps EMG activity remained unchanged. An increased ratio between HS and quadriceps activity may decrease the risk of dynamic knee valgus and subsequent ACL tear. Incorrect answers: Answer 2- ACL injuries are commonly associated with meniscal injuries, more often the lateral meniscus in the acute setting and the medial meniscus in the chronic setting. Answer 3- An ACL tear on one limb has been shown to increase the risk of a contralateral ACL tear. Answer 4- The incidence of ACL tears can be decreased with active participation in neuromuscular training programs. Answer 5- Age younger than 30 is a risk factor for ACL injuries.
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