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0 to 30 degrees
44%
1125/2564
30 to 60 degrees
33%
840/2564
60 to 90 degrees
13%
346/2564
90 to 120 degrees
6%
145/2564
flexion greater than 120 degrees
4%
94/2564
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Open chain leg extension exercises cause the most anterior shear stress that would affect the ACL. The Wilk article summarizes that isotonic closed kinetic chain exercises produced significantly greater compressive forces compared to the open kinetic chain knee extension. In addition, during closed kinetic chain exercises, a posterior shear force (PCL stress) was generated throughout the entire range with maximal shear occurring from 85° to 105° of flexion. During knee extension, there is an anterior shear force (ACL stress) from 38° to 0° and a posterior shear force from 40° to 101°. According to Beynnon, a closed chain program results in anteroposterior knee laxity values that are closer to normal, and earlier return to normal daily activities, compared with rehabilitation with an open chain program.
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