Please confirm topic selection

Are you sure you want to trigger topic in your Anconeus AI algorithm?

Please confirm action

You are done for today with this topic.

Would you like to start learning session with this topic items scheduled for future?

Review Question - QID 211985

In scope icon L 1 A
QID 211985 (Type "211985" in App Search)
A 44-year-old male with a history of intravenous drug abuse and HIV presents with increased left-hand pain and swelling that started approximately 12 hours ago. The appearance of the patient's hand is depicted in Figure A. Examination reveals a non-palpable radial pulse and tenderness to palpation throughout the forearm with associated erythema. Laboratory analysis reveals a CRP of 178 mg/L (reference <10 mg/L), WBC count 29k cells/mL (reference <11k cells/mL), hemoglobin 12.1 g/dL (reference >13.5 g/dL), and blood glucose 192 mg/dL (reference <110 mg/dL). What would be the most appropriate next step in treatment?
  • A

Initiate broad-spectrum IV antibiotics, mark the margins of erythema, and admit for observation and resolution of erythematous lesion

2%

36/1572

Vascular surgery consultation

2%

34/1572

Discharge with oral antibiotics and outpatient follow-up

1%

8/1572

Emergent surgical debridement

94%

1481/1572

Admission with surgical debridement the next operating day

0%

4/1572

  • A

Select Answer to see Preferred Response

bookmode logo Review TC In New Tab

The patient is presenting with necrotizing fasciitis of the left hand which requires emergent surgical debridement.

Necrotizing fasciitis is a rapidly-progressing and potentially lethal soft tissue infection involving the fascial planes. Most infections are polymicrobial and associated with HIV, IV drug abuse, skin abrasions, and insect bites. Due to the speed of progression, emergent surgical debridement, or amputation is the standard of treatment to minimize soft tissue involvement and reduce mortality.

Wong et al. performed a retrospective observational study validating the Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score for distinguishing necrotizing fasciitis from other infections. They reported the cutoff value of 6 points from the multiple logistic regression model yielded a 92% positive predictive value and 96% negative predictive value. They concluded the LRINEC score is a powerful scoring system that can aid in the early diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis and patients with score >/= 6 should be carefully evaluated.

Gonzalez et al. performed a case series of 12 patients with necrotizing fasciitis of the upper extremity. The authors reported 11/12 cases involved beta-hemolytic streptococcus or polymicrobial infections and were commonly associated with IV drug abuse, diabetes mellitus, and HIV. They concluded early disease recognition is paramount to treatment success due to the rapid and destructive nature of the infection and to minimize morbidity.

Figure A is a photograph of the left hand demonstrating bullae, erythema, and swelling indicative of necrotizing fasciitis. Illustration A is a table depicting the LRINEC scoring system.

Incorrect Answers:
Answer 1: Initiating IV antibiotics is a critical portion of treating necrotizing fasciitis, but should be in conjunction with emergent surgical debridement. Simple observation would lead to increased morbidity or mortality.
Answer 2: Vascular surgery consultation would delay the appropriate surgical treatment.
Answer 3: Discharging the patient on oral antibiotics would result in the rapid spread of the infection and high mortality rates.
Answer 5: Surgical debridement is necessary for effective treatment, but should be performed on an emergent basis.

ILLUSTRATIONS:
REFERENCES (2)
Authors
Rating
Please Rate Question Quality

5.0

  • star icon star icon star icon
  • star icon star icon star icon
  • star icon star icon star icon
  • star icon star icon star icon
  • star icon star icon star icon

(2)

Attach Treatment Poll
Treatment poll is required to gain more useful feedback from members.
Please enter Question Text
Please enter at least 2 unique options
Please enter at least 2 unique options
Please enter at least 2 unique options