A 68-year-old female presents with progressive loss of ability to ambulate and dexterity problems with her hands. Six months ago she was able to walk with a cane, but now has difficulty with ambulating with a walker. She also reports difficulty with her hands and needs assistance with eating. Physical exam shows limited neck extension. Radiographs, tomography, and magnetic-resonance-imaging are shown in Figure A, B, and C respectively. What is the most appropriate treatment?

A 78-year-old female slips and falls in the bathroom. In the emergency room she is found to have a laceration on her forehead. On physical exam she has new onset Grade 3 weakness in her upper extremities, more pronounced in her hands, making it difficult for her to hold objects. In her lower extremities she has Grade 4 weakness, but is able to walk with assistance. She has new onset urinary dysfunction. A radiograph and MRI are shown in Figure A and B respectively. History reveals that prior to the fall she was living independently, was able to go on daily walks, and had normal function of her hands. Which of the following most accurately describes her prognosis with nonoperative treatment.

A 65-year-old woman presents to an orthopedic adult reconstr...

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A 70-year-old male is treated with a C2-4 posterior decompre...

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A 50-year-old diabetic woman describes left arm pain and tingling in the ulnar side of her hand and wrist. She denies weakness or trouble with fine motor tasks. Her symptoms are worse when she is sleeping without a pillow on her left side, and with her left elbow in an extended position. Sleeping with her left hand above her head seems to improve her symptoms. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Morquio's syndrome is associated with all of the following anomalies EXCEPT:

A 56-year-old male presents with right arm pain and weakness...

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A 45-year-old male patient presents with left arm pain and n...

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A 63-year-old man has a feeling of generalized clumsiness in...

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A 52-year-old female presents to your spine clinic for a sec...

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A 21-year-old collegiate linebacker with Type I diabetes man...

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Which of the following levels of the spine is most frequentl...

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Which of the following is NOT a significant risk factor for airway complications after the procedure depicted in Figure A?

A 72-year-old female presents with neck pain and an occipita...

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During a supine examination, passive elevation of the lower ...

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A 70-year-old male is treated with a C2-4 posterior decompre...

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Which of the following is a known risk fac...

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A patient has a large T11-T12 disk herniation that is causin...

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A 56-year-old man has a chief complaint of leg weakness and ...

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Atlantoaxial instability due to hypoplasia of the odontoid is most commonly seen in which type of mucopolysaccharidosis?

A 79-year-old female sustains a ground level fall and presen...

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A 66-year-old male presents with neck pain, difficulty with fine motor activities like buttoning shirts, and mild gait instability. On physical examination he has 5 of 5 motor strength in all muscles groups in his upper and lower extremities, a bilateral Hoffman sign, bilateral 3+ patellar reflexes, 3 beats of clonus on the right, and no clonus on the left. Radiographs show segmental kyphosis of 12 degrees from C4 to C7. MRI shows circumferential compression at C5/6 with complete effacement of CSF and T2 intramedullary signal. What is the most accurate description of how his symptoms will progress over time?

A 66-year-old male presents with neck pain, difficulty with fine motor activities like buttoning shirts, and mild gait instability. On physical examination he has 5 of 5 motor strength in all muscles groups in his upper and lower extremities, a bilateral Hoffman sign, bilateral 3+ patellar reflexes, 3 beats of clonus on the right, and no clonus on the left. Radiographs show segmental kyphosis of 12 degrees from C4 to C7. MRI shows circumferential compression at C5/6 with complete effacement of CSF and T2 intramedullary signal. What is the most accurate description of how his symptoms will progress over time?

A 60-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis has long term neck pain and new onset of difficulty holding cards in her weekly poker tournament. She does not complain of weakness, but states she has become "clumsy" in her old age, fumbling with buttons and dropping her change. On exam she has hyperreflexia, but no weakness. Radiographs show atlantoaxial subluxation. She is considering decompressive surgery, but wants to know if she will recover function. Which radiographic marker may predict neural recovery after decompression?

Figure A is a C5-6 level axial MRI image of a 38-year-old ma...

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A 53-year-old female is 8 hours status post the procedure seen in Figure A. You are called to the room by the nurse who reports the patient is having difficulty breathing. On arrival, you note that the patient has stridor on inspiration and a firm mass under the incision. What is the most likely cause of her respiratory compromise?

A 63-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis has long standing neck pain and new onset of difficulty with manual dexterity, such as buttoning her shirt and holding small objects. She reports difficulty walking up the stairs, and reports she feels increasingly unsteady on her feet. On exam she has 4+ patellar reflexes. Flexion and extension radiographs are shown in Figure A and B. What is the most appropriate treatment at this time?