A 52-year-old female presents to your spine clinic for a sec...

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A 63-year-old man has a feeling of generalized clumsiness in...

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A 21-year-old collegiate linebacker with Type I diabetes man...

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Which of the following levels of the spine is most frequentl...

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Which of the following is NOT a significant risk factor for airway complications after the procedure depicted in Figure A?

A 72-year-old female presents with neck pain and an occipita...

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During a supine examination, passive elevation of the lower ...

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A 70-year-old male is treated with a C2-4 posterior decompre...

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Which of the following is a known risk fac...

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A patient has a large T11-T12 disk herniation that is causin...

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A 56-year-old man has a chief complaint of leg weakness and ...

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Atlantoaxial instability due to hypoplasia of the odontoid is most commonly seen in which type of mucopolysaccharidosis?

A 79-year-old female sustains a ground level fall and presen...

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A 66-year-old male presents with neck pain, difficulty with fine motor activities like buttoning shirts, and mild gait instability. On physical examination he has 5 of 5 motor strength in all muscles groups in his upper and lower extremities, a bilateral Hoffman sign, bilateral 3+ patellar reflexes, 3 beats of clonus on the right, and no clonus on the left. Radiographs show segmental kyphosis of 12 degrees from C4 to C7. MRI shows circumferential compression at C5/6 with complete effacement of CSF and T2 intramedullary signal. What is the most accurate description of how his symptoms will progress over time?

A 66-year-old male presents with neck pain, difficulty with fine motor activities like buttoning shirts, and mild gait instability. On physical examination he has 5 of 5 motor strength in all muscles groups in his upper and lower extremities, a bilateral Hoffman sign, bilateral 3+ patellar reflexes, 3 beats of clonus on the right, and no clonus on the left. Radiographs show segmental kyphosis of 12 degrees from C4 to C7. MRI shows circumferential compression at C5/6 with complete effacement of CSF and T2 intramedullary signal. What is the most accurate description of how his symptoms will progress over time?

A 60-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis has long term neck pain and new onset of difficulty holding cards in her weekly poker tournament. She does not complain of weakness, but states she has become "clumsy" in her old age, fumbling with buttons and dropping her change. On exam she has hyperreflexia, but no weakness. Radiographs show atlantoaxial subluxation. She is considering decompressive surgery, but wants to know if she will recover function. Which radiographic marker may predict neural recovery after decompression?

Figure A is a C5-6 level axial MRI image of a 38-year-old ma...

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A 53-year-old female is 8 hours status post the procedure seen in Figure A. You are called to the room by the nurse who reports the patient is having difficulty breathing. On arrival, you note that the patient has stridor on inspiration and a firm mass under the incision. What is the most likely cause of her respiratory compromise?

A 63-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis has long standing neck pain and new onset of difficulty with manual dexterity, such as buttoning her shirt and holding small objects. She reports difficulty walking up the stairs, and reports she feels increasingly unsteady on her feet. On exam she has 4+ patellar reflexes. Flexion and extension radiographs are shown in Figure A and B. What is the most appropriate treatment at this time?

Of the magnetic resonance images provided in Figures A-E, wh...

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Which phase of gait is affected most in a patient with quadriceps atrophy?

A 19-year-old male with HIV presents with increasing neck pain, lower extremity weakness, and constitutional symptoms over the past 4 weeks. Radiograph and MRI is shown in Figures A and B, respectively. Figure C shows a histologic specimen with Ziehl-Neelsen staining. In addition to surgical management, which of the following pharmacologic regimens is most appropriate?

A 27-year-old professional football player complains of acut...

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A 36-year-old man presents with acute onset of pain in his l...

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A 55-year-old male with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus presents to the emergency department with two weeks of increasing low back pain with radiation to his bilateral lower extremities. Social history is notable for housing instability, active intravenous drug use, and heavy alcohol and tobacco use. Vital signs reveal a temperature of 101.8º F. Laboratory serum analysis is significant for an elevated white blood cell count and C-reactive protein (CRP), and a lumbar MRI is obtained and shown in Figure A. Which of the following factors most strongly supports the decision to obtain additional cervical and thoracic MRIs?