In patients with clubfeet treated with soft-tissue release, which of the following variables shows the greatest correlation with long-term functional impairment.

Figure A shows a ceramic head removed during a total hip revision. The component shows damage to the femoral head which was most likely caused by which of the following?

All of the following intra-operative techniques may result in lengthening of the operative leg during total hip arthroplasty EXCEPT:

A prosthetic polycentric knee with hydraulic swing control is chosen for a very active 63-year-old transfemoral amputee. All of the following appropriately describe the features of this prosthesis EXCEPT:

Your 25-year-old patient complains of anterior knee pain after retrograde femoral nailing for a diaphyseal fracture and asks you why you didn’t perform antegrade nailing as he has seen on the internet. You tell him that retrograde nailing is your preferred technique over antergrade nailing for diaphyseal femoral fractures because it has been shown to have which of the following?

An 11-year-old boy complains of 4 weeks of medial knee pain that began while playing tennis. Examination shows reproduction of pain with internal rotation of the tibia during extension of the knee, and relief of pain with tibial external rotation. A radiograph and MRI is shown in Figures A and B. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment?

A 14-year-old boy presents with left groin and knee pain for 3 weeks. He is now unable to place weight on the left lower extremity, even with the assistance of crutches. AP pelvis radiograph is shown in Figure A. He is treated with surgical intervention and post-operative radiographs are shown in Figures B and C. What is the most common limb length and rotational profile found as a sequelae of this condition?

A 65-year-old male with insulin-dependent diabetes and chronic kidney disease presents for follow-up care for issues in his right lower extremity. He has been treated for the past four months with the modality seen in Figure A (Panel A) for the condition seen in Figure A (Panel B). He has currently has no ulcerations on his foot. Which shoe modification, shown in Figure B-F, is most appropriate to prevent potential future skin breakdown by offloading the affected area in this patient?

A 9-year-old boy with osteosarcoma of the distal femur is being evaluated for surgical management. Treatment options are discussed with the family. The patient is highly active and plays competitive soccer. Which of the following statements most accurately describes functional outcomes after rotationplasty compared with the other surgical options?

A 66-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a chief complaint of multiple falls. She reports that she has had neck pain for several years; however, the pain has intensified over the past month. Also, over the last 2 weeks, she has been falling at home, dropping objects, and has had difficulty buttoning her shirt. A portion of the sagittal and axial cervical spine MRI is seen in Figures 1 and 2. Which answer choice describes the most common physical exam finding associated particularly with this condition?

A 71-year-old female presents t...

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A 71-year-old female presents t...

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Which of the following foot conditions is most appropriately treated with the orthotic shown in Figure A?

A 65-year-old woman complains of worsening left knee pain 7 months following total knee arthroplasty. She reports good pain relief for the initial 5 months following surgery. Physical exam is notable for a stable knee with range of motion from 0-115 degrees. Radiographs are provided in Figures A and B. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 65-year-old patient, who is a current smoker, presents wit...

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A 55-year-old male presents with increasing hip pain that is recalcitrant to NSAIDs, physical therapy, corticosteroid injections, and activity modifications. He has a BMI of 29 kg/m2 and elects to proceed forward with total hip replacement. In the first few weeks after surgery, he has increased pain particularly when working with physical therapy. His immediate post-op and 3-week follow-up radiographs are shown in Figure A. Which of the following surgical approaches is associated with an increased risk for his current presentation?

A 75-year-old male presents with recurrent dislocations of t...

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A 65-year-old female presents for evaluation of a 1-year his...

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