• BACKGROUND
    • Traumatic fractures of the second cervical vertebra are common, representing nearly 20% of all acute cervical spinal fracture-dislocation injuries. They are divided into 3 distinct injury patterns: odontoid fractures, hangman's fracture injuries, and fractures of the axis body, involving all other fracture injuries to the C2 vertebra.
  • OBJECTIVE
    • An evidence-based overview of the medical and surgical treatment strategies for each axis fracture injury sub-type.
  • RESULTS
    • Current medical and surgical management of traumatic fractures of the axis.