The purpose of this lecture is to provide orthopaedic surgeons with a guide for osteoporosis management and treatment that may be used in the practice setting. Fracture prevention is the key efficacy end point in the medical management of osteoporosis for any patient. Enhancement of bone mass and improvement of bone quality are achieved by a combination of lifestyle modification, dietary supplementation with calcium and vitamin D, and pharmacologic treatment. This strategy has proved effective for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.