Review Question - QID 214074

DBM has osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties (consists of collagen, bone morphogenetic proteins, transforming growth factor-beta, residual calcium) but does not have any osteogenic properties.

The contents of DMB (collagen, BMP, TGF-B, and residual calcium) give it both osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. However, it does not contain mesenchymal precursor cells and is therefore not osteogenic. Processing of DMB consists of demineralizing the bone graft which exposes BMP's and other biologically active proteins. However, this comes at the expense of decreasing some of the mechanical properties of the graft.

Friedlaender discusses bone grafts and the effect of the immune system on their incorporation. He states bone graft rejection can occur for many reasons but with regard to the immune system, the greater the immunogenic incompatibility the less new bone is formed and the higher chance of clinical failure. Lastly, he comments on how the interaction between bone remodeling and immune response systems is likely responsible for successful bone graft incorporation.

Ahlmann et al. compared the morbidity related to the harvest of anterior iliac crest bone graft with that related to the harvest of posterior iliac crest bone graft and to determine differences in functional outcome. The rates of both minor complications (p = 0.006) and all complications (p = 0.004) were significantly higher after the anterior harvest procedures than they were after the posterior procedures. The postoperative pain at the donor site was significantly more severe (p = 0.0016) and of significantly greater duration (p = 0.0017) after the anterior harvests.

Incorrect Answers:
Answer 1: Calcium phosphate is an acellular synthetic bone graft substitute with osteoconductive properties.
Answer 2: Local cancellous autograft has osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic properties.
Answer 4: BMP's are proteins that have osteoinductive properties, however, they do not contain cells.
Answer 5: Local cortical autograft has osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic properties.