Select a Community
Are you sure you want to trigger topic in your Anconeus AI algorithm?
You are done for today with this topic.
Would you like to start learning session with this topic items scheduled for future?
Figure A
2%
29/1930
Figure B
3%
60/1930
Figure C
87%
1681/1930
Figure D
30/1930
Figure E
6%
113/1930
Select Answer to see Preferred Response
Preoperative embolization is beneficial to reduce blood loss during resection of hypervascular tumors like renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Figure C corresponds to the histology of RCC, with its characteristic clear cell change and the pseudoalveolar pattern. RCC and thyroid carcinomas are hypervascular and have a significant propensity to bleed. The theory is that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is expressed in the hyperplastic renal and thyroid tissues and is a marker for transformation and differentiation state of malignant tumors, and this neovascularization results in increased bleeding in these tumors. As such, many authorities recommend preoperative embolization of the lesion prior to performing any surgery on a suspected renal metastatic lesion, with the goal of reducing blood loss and improving the surgeon’s ability to maximize tumor resection. Quraishi et al. evaluated the outcomes after surgical management of metastatic RCC of the spine with cord compression who underwent preoperative embolization. They reported no complications during the embolization procedure and most patients remained the same neurologically or improved by at least 1 grade. They concluded that the use of preoperative selective embolization to reduce blood loss during surgery for spinal metastatic tumor is a well established procedure and relatively safe means to improve the resectability of the tumor. Ma et al. published an update article on preoperative embolization of bone metastases. They reported that large tumor size, increased preoperative tumor vascularity, longer embolization-to-surgery interval, and radical surgical procedures were associated with greater intraoperative blood loss and prolonged operative time. They concluded that preoperative embolization is an effective means of reducing bleeding during tumor resection. Figure A depicts the histology of multiple myeloma (round plasma cells with an eccentric nucleus, prominent nucleolus, and clock face organization of chromatin). Figure B depicts the histology of chondrosarcoma (bland hyaline cartilage appearance with few mitotic figures). Figure C depicts the histology of RCC (glandular cells with clear cell change and the pseudoalveolar pattern). Figure D depicts the histology of a chordoma (foamy, vacuolated, physaliferous cells). Figure E depicts the histology of prostate carcinoma (complex, cribriform and confluent glands). Incorrect Answers: Answer 1: Figure A is a histological section of multiple myeloma. Answer 2: Figure B is a histological section of chondrosarcoma. Answer 4: Figure D is a histological section of chordoma. Answer 5: Figure E is a histological section of prostate carcinoma.
5.0
(2)
Please Login to add comment